Rosettes to Ruin - by Patrick Burns
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Changes in the shape of the Bull
Terrier head, 1930, 1950, 1980
Photos courtesy of
the Albert Heim Foundation for Canine Research, Basil, Switzerland
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The pictures above are
a physical
and visible monument to what the show ring did to one terrier breed in
less than 50 years time.
Bulldog and terrier crosses, which once had powerful jaws well-placed
to do important work (gripping and holding semi-wild bulls and pigs so
they could be altered or slaughtered), were rapidly transformed at the
turn of the 20th Century to the point that the jaws of today's Bull
Terrier, while still massive, are now no longer set at a proper angle
to do the work the dogs were once bred to do.
If you look at the Fox Terrier, you will see a similar transformation
over time -- once small and supple dogs transformed into large,
stiff-legged creatures unable to move properly in the field and with
chests too deep for the animal to go to ground after fox.
This is what show ring breeders do -- they ruin working breeds. And it
is not just the AKC show ring, either -- it's the UKC show ring and the
JRTCA show ring as well. Give any show ring enough time, and it will
ruin any breed of working dog -- it always has and it always will.
Go through John Broadhurst's excellent new book, "Terriermen &
Terriers" (ISBN 0-0687296-1-4) and look for Welsh Terriers, Border
Terriers, Wire Fox Terriers, Smooth Fox Terriers, Cairn Terriers,
Lakelands, Skye Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Cairn Terriers.
They are simply NOT there.
Instead you see terriers that are not registered or are unregisterable
-- Jack Russells, Fell Terriers, Fell-Border crosses, and the black
Fells called Patterdales. There's even a Dachshund. The only terrierman
named working a Kennel Club breed (53 terriermen are profiled) is a
single fellow who recounts a Border Terrier story that is now more than
30 years old.
"Working" terrier breeds? Ha! It seems they are all gone -- shot dead
by the show ring.
Former AKC President Kenneth Marden has acknowledged the role of the
show ring in killing off working breeds: "We [the AKC] have gotten away
from what dogs were originally bred for. In some cases we have paid so
much attention to form that we have lost the use of the dog."
I should say!

This is a long way from a working dog! |
In
the February 13, 2002 edition of The New Republic magazine there is an
article entitled "The Westminster Eugenics Show" in which the author
writes of the Search And Rescue dogs trotted into the Westminster Ring
in New York after the September 11th terrorists brought down to the
twin towers of the World Trade Center: "The problem is that Westminster
does not judge breeds for those traits which rightly make a breed a
breed. The Pointers aren't asked to point (even though the logo of the
Westminster Kennel Club has been a pointing Pointer for over a
century). The Bassets and Bloodhounds do not track. The Otter Hounds
are not tested to see if they could kill, let alone identify, an otter.
And so on and so on.
"With the exception of a handful of breeds who were bred to do nothing
but either keep your hands warm or wait until some Aztec chef could
cook them, not a single breed at Westminster is expected to do what it
was bred to do. The beautiful German Shepherd in the competition last
night no doubt looked at the visiting search-and-rescue dogs the way
Alec Baldwin looks at people who actually know how to read, and said,
'I wish I could be like them.'
The cohost of the Westminster broadcast repeatedly declared 'This is
not a beauty contest... because we have definitions for how a dog is
supposed to look and feel.'
"Someone needs to tell this blow-dried Afghan-breeder that that makes
it more of a beauty contest, not less of one. Simply writing down the
criteria does not make a pageant any less of a pageant."

rosettes to ruin...
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an interesting read |
The number of working
dogs ruined by the show ring grows every year.
Irish
Setters, once famed at finding birds, are now so brain-befogged they
can no longer find the front door. Cocker Spaniels, once terrific
pocket-sized birds dogs, have been reduced to poodle-coated mops
incapable of working their way through a field or fence row. Fox
terriers are now so large they cannot go down a fox hole. Saint
Bernards, once proud pulling dogs, are now so riddled with hip
dysplasia that it's hard to find one that can walk without surgery in
old age.
In recent years, protectors of at least two working breeds
-- the Border Collie and the Jack Russell Terrier -- have gone to war
with the AKC in an effort to protect the working qualities of their
dogs.
Unfortunately, those seeking to protect the gene pool of
working dogs -- and the tradition of breeding worker to worker -- lost
and both breeds are now found in the AKC show ring. While there are
still working Border Collies and working Jack Russell Terriers, the
number of honest working dogs of either breed in the AKC show ring is
small and is falling rapidly. In time it is likely that these two
breeds will in fact split off from their working roots as has happened
with gun dogs where there are "working" labs and "show labs" and
"working" pointers and "show" pointers.
Lesson One in the world of
dogs is that if you put anything above breeding for utility, you will
start to lose working abilities.
Work is a tough task master and it
shows no favoritism. Fox and pheasant do not judge "up the leash" nor
are they taken in by fads. Quarry is not much interested in nose or eye
color, the set of the ear, or the "expression" on a dog's face as it
creeps up a hedgerow.
In working dogs, utility is beauty, and "beauty is as beauty does."
E.L.
Hagedoorn, a Dutch consulting geneticist to dog breed societies around
the world, believed the show ring would ruin working dog breeds, and
time has proven him right. As he noted in his 1939 book: "In the
production of economically useful animals, the show ring is more of a
menace than an aid to breeding. Once fancy points are introduced into
the standard of perfection, the breeders will give more attention to
those easily judged qualities than to the more important qualities that
do not happen to be of such a nature that we can evaluate them at
shows. Showing has nothing to do with utility at all, it is simply a
competitive game."
A noted breeder of alpacas said much the same
thing, noting that when farm stock is judged on the basis of wool or
meat it is a different standard than that used at shows: "Breeding
animals for the shows is a very peculiar business, because of the fact
that it is wholly competitive. Whereas the breeder of utility sheep or
utility pigs produces something that has a certain market value, which
is not changed very much even if ten of his neighbors start in with him
to raise the same sort of sheep or hogs, breeding animals for the shows
can only pay the man who succeeds in producing such stock as is
pronounced by the judges of the moment to be the most beautiful and the
most fashionable."

a working terrier doing his job
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The "judge of the moment" in a
show ring may know very little about real terrier work.
In
the AKC, for example, most judges are experts in a half dozen breeds.
In the terrier ring, it's almost a guarantee none has ever owned a
deben collar or cut a shoulder into a trench in order to get down
another two feet. As a rule these authorities are experts by dint of
having spent far too many nights in bad hotels attending show trials.
In 20 years of owning dogs, they have logged a thousand miles bouncing
around show rings in plaid skirts and blue blazers. They may have
driven to the moon and back to pick up rosettes, but few have driven 10
miles out into the country to even see a fox den, much less put a dog
down one or dig to it.
A few will claim expertise because they have
bought an airplane ticket and attended a mounted hunt or two in the
U.K.. They have seen "the real thing" they will tell you, and know what
is required of a working dog thanks to their two-week vacation in
Scotland! Just don't ask them how to extract quarry from the stop-end
of a pipe or how to treat a bite wound.
Theory always ends where reality begins, and it always seems to have
always been this way.
The
very first Kennel Club shows occurred in 1873 in the U.K., and 1874 in
the U.S.. By 1893 Rawdon Lee Briggs was writing in his book, "Modern
Dogs," that:
"I have known a man act as a judge of fox terriers who
had never bred one in his life, had never seen a fox in front of
hounds, had never seen a terrier go to ground ... had not even seen a
terrier chase a rabbit."

Sailor on the field
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By the AKC's own
estimates, a majority of newcomers to the sport, obsessed with
championship ribbons, stick with it an average of five years. When they
give up or move on to a new hobby, they leave behind a trail of dogs
that were not systematically bred to do a job -- they were bred to
produce ribbons and often by people who never completely finished
reading a book on their own breed.
Most of these
back-yard-and-hobby-show-breeders do not do any genetic testing on
their dogs, and when asked are quick to say their bumbling acquiescence
to the destruction of a working breed is OK because "No one's hunting
birds to feed their families any more," "We don't need strong jaws on a
bull terrier, we have barbed wire now" "No one hunts fox anymore --
it's illegal in the UK you know."
I would suggest to these people
that they get deeply involved in breeds that are not working breeds --
Shit-zoos, Peeking-ease, or Pappy-yawns, perhaps. Miniature Schnauzers
or Minature Pinschers are nice dogs -- give them a try. Or better yet,
get a dog from the local shelter and train it in to a high degree of
perfection in agility, flyball or even circus tricks.
But please stay away from breeds that are working dogs!
As
for those actually interested in terriers as working dogs (and if not,
please read the paragraph above), we would do well to remember that we
did not create these wonderful little dogs, and we do not 'own' a breed
anymore than we 'own' anything in this world. Like most worthy things,
we inherit our dogs from our forbears, serve as custodians for their
gene pool in our lifetime, and have a responsibility to pass on this
gene pool in a reasonably good condition for the future.
In the
modern world, passing on the gene pool means breeding dogs that are the
correct size as determined after you have done some real earth work.
It also means doing genetic testing (CERF, OFA, BAER) before breeding
any litter.
For
those looking to buy a terrier -- especially a Jack Russell or Border
Terrier which are two breeds which still have some pretensions to being
working dogs -- I would suggest embracing a working standard, not only
for the dog but for the BREEDER as well. If the breeder doesn't own a
deben collar, a $50 shovel, and a digging bar, I would suggest giving
that kennel a pass. Ask to see pictures of the sire or dam in the
field. No pictures, no cash.
A serious breeder takes the work of
their dogs seriously, and a serious breeder will work their dogs at
least a few times just to make sure they have the drive, the size and
the temperament to actually do the job.
The standard for a working
terrier is NOT in the ring, but in the field and it is only in the
field that a dog can be judged worthy of being bred.
I close with
the very succinct and dead-on standard for working terriers published
by The Fell and Moorland Working Terrier Club in their "Year Book and
Club History: 1998-99". No better parody of the Kennel Club "standard"
exists, nor does it leave out a single thing required of a working
terrier.
Working Terrier Standard
A working terrier should be terrier-like in appearance and
should have an acute and powerful motivation to work.
* HEAD:
should be strong,
and encased in the skull should be a brain capable of showing
intelligence and a fair amount of obedience and respect with some
affection.
* NECK:
should be strong and muscular, joining the head to the body.
* CHEST:
should be big
enough to hold the heart of a lion, but small enough to enable its
owner to follow the quarry into extremely tight corners.
* LEGS:
should be long,
or short, according to the work envisaged by the terrain of the area
where he is to be employed. The legs should be powerful enough to carry
the owner through a hard day.
* FEET:
four, one at the end of each leg, with extremely tough pads.
* COAT:
whether rough or
smooth, white or colored, should be dense and tight, to keep its wearer
warm and facilitate cleaning without holding too much earth and water.
* BACK:
strong and supple.
* TAIL:
for preference, a working terrier should have a tail.
* EYES:
of great assistance above ground.
* EARS:
yes, two.
* NOSE:
should be able to detect and evaluate any slight scent.
* TEETH:
should be as
large and as strong as possible, firmly secured in a muscular jaw,
capable of biting powerfully and holding a firm grip.
In temperament, the animal should be fairly docile and tractable, with
a tremendous staying power and great love of his task. He should enjoy
going to ground and should not appear at 10 minute intervals to see if
his owner is still waiting for him. He should disregard wounds and see
his job through at all times. He should be of sensible disposition and
not easily ruffled or upset.
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Originally
pusblished in Terrierman.com
(and published here with the author authorization)
Patrick Burns
Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A.
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